The 6 Phases of a Foreclosure

 The 6 Phases of a Foreclosure

TABLE OF CONTENTS

What does foreclosure mean, exactly? In simple terms, the foreclosure process allows a lender to recover the amount owed on a defaulted loan by selling or taking ownership of the property. According to RealtyTrac’s U.S. Foreclosure Market Report, as of May 29, 2020, there were 330,105 properties in “some stage of foreclosure (default, auction or bank-owned)” in the United States, so it’s hardly an uncommon occurrence.1

If you (or a loved one) are facing foreclosure, make sure you understand the process. While there is variation from state to state, there are normally six phases of a foreclosure procedure.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Foreclosure occurs when a lender seeks to seize your property as collateral for failure to pay your mortgage on time.
  • There are typically six phases in the foreclosure process and the exact steps vary state by state. 
  • Before a home is foreclosed on, owners are given 30 days to fulfill their mortgage obligations. 
  • Most lenders would actually prefer to avoid foreclosing on a property.

Phase 1: Payment Default

A payment default occurs when a borrower has missed at least one mortgage payment. The lender will send a missed payment notice indicating that it has not yet received that month’s payment.

Typically, mortgage payments are due on the first day of each month, and many lenders offer a grace period until the 15th of the month. After that, the lender may charge a late payment fee and send the missed payment notice.2

After two payments are missed, the lender will often follow up with a demand letter. This is more serious than a missed payment notice. However, at this point, the lender may be still willing to work with the borrower to make arrangements for catching up on payments. The borrower would normally have to remit the late payments within 30 days of receiving the letter.3

Phase 2: Notice of Default

A notice of default (NOD) is sent after 90 days of missed payments.4 In some states, the notice is placed prominently on the home. At this point, the loan will be handed over to the lender’s foreclosure department in the same county where the property is located. The borrower is informed that the notice will be recorded.

The lender will typically give the borrower another 90 days to settle the payments and reinstate the loan. This is referred to as the “reinstatement period.”5

Phase 3: Notice of Trustee’s Sale

If the loan has not been made up to date within the 90 days following the notice of default, then a notice of trustee sale will be recorded in the county where the property is located.

The lender must also generally publish a notice in the local newspaper for three weeks indicating that the property will be available at public auction. All owners’ names will be printed in the notice and the newspaper, along with a legal description of the property, its address, and when and where the sale will take place.6

Phase 4: Trustee’s Sale

The property is now placed for public auction and will be awarded to the highest bidder who meets all of the necessary requirements. The lender (or firm representing the lender) will calculate an opening bid based on the value of the outstanding loan and any liens, unpaid taxes, and costs associated with the sale.

 

When a foreclosed property is purchased, it is up to the buyer to say how long the previous owners may stay in their former home.

Once the highest bidder has been confirmed and the sale is completed, a trustee’s deed upon sale will be provided to the winning bidder. The property is then owned by the purchaser, who is entitled to immediate possession.7

Phase 5: Real Estate Owned (REO)

If the property is not sold during the public auction, the lender will become the owner and attempt to sell the property through a broker or with the assistance of a real estate owned (REO) asset manager.8 These properties are often referred to as “bank owned,” and the lender may remove some of the liens and other expenses in an attempt to make the property more attractive.

Phase 6: Eviction

The borrower can often stay in the home until it has sold either through a public auction or later as an REO property. At this point, an eviction notice is sent demanding that any persons vacate the premises immediately.9

Several days may be provided to allow the occupants sufficient time to remove any personal belongings. Then, typically, the local sheriff will visit the property and remove the people and any remaining belongings. The latter are placed in storage and can be retrieved at a later date for a fee.

The Bottom Line

Throughout the foreclosure process, many lenders will attempt to make arrangements for the borrower to get caught up on the loan and avoid foreclosure. The obvious problem is that when a borrower cannot meet one payment, it becomes increasingly difficult to catch up on multiple payments.

If there is a chance that you can catch up on payments—for instance, you just started a new job following a period of unemployment—it is worth speaking with your lender. If a foreclosure is unavoidable, knowing what to expect throughout the process can help prepare you for the six phases of foreclosure.

 

Mortgage lending discrimination is illegal. If you think you've been discriminated against based on race, religion, sex, marital status, use of public assistance, national origin, disability, or age, there are steps you can take. One such step is to file a report to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau or with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

What Is A Loan Foreclosure | Types Of Loan Foreclosure

Most of us avail loans to fulfil our dreams of buying a two wheeler, a home, a car or other consumer products which otherwise seem to be out of the reach due to financial dependencies. While taking a loan, a borrower decides the repayment tenure basis the repayment capacity of an individual.

The borrower is liable to repay the loan within that stipulated time period as per the loan terms, however sometimes there is a change in the income level due to a promotion, new job, incentives etc. which increases customer’s capacity to pay back the loan. This provides customer with an opportunity of repaying the loan before maturity of loan tenure and this repayment of loan in one single payment is known as foreclosure in the financial terms.

Types of Foreclosure:

  • Foreclosure (FC)

Where the borrower makes full and final payment and close the loan account.

  • Partial Foreclosure (PFC)

Where the borrowers makes payment in part and settles future instalments in advance. Partial Foreclosure reduces the last instalments basis the part payment made by the customer.

Must Read: What Is The Difference Between Personal Loan And Bike Loan?

How to Foreclose Your Loan With Bajaj Auto Finance:

You can foreclose your loan account by logging in to your customer account or alternatively you can download our My BAFL app.

Are There Any Foreclosure Charges:

Yes, there might be foreclosure charges depending upon the loan tenure and EMIs paid till date.

Loan Foreclosure Charges:

  • Before 12th EMI is paid: 3% on principal outstanding amount + GST (as applicable for loans disbursed w.e.f. 22nd July 2015)
  • After 12th EMI is payment: Nil charges

Must Read:  How to Choose Two Wheeler Loan Tenure Wisely - 5 Easy Tips

Partial Foreclosure:

  • Nil charges
  • Amount foreclosed is adjusted against the last EMIs

Download our Mobile App ‘My BAFL’ from Google Play Store or Apple Store to pay foreclosure or partial foreclosure amount of your loan.

If you are looking for a new two wheeler loan, click here to apply or for further information, please refer to our FAQs in the Menu Option.

*Terms and Conditions Apply. Finance at the sole discretion of Bajaj Finance Ltd.

If you are someone who wants to know the personal loan foreclosure charges, they usually range between 3%-5% of the principal outstanding. However, to get more clarity on the same, it is important that you need to know that different banks have different charges related to the same.

Yes, want to know more about the same, let’s just give you a sneak peek of different lenders charging the foreclosure.

Take a look below to get more clarity:

·         ICICI Bank: 5% of the principal outstanding +GST

·         HDFC Bank: Nil - Up to 4% of the principal outstanding + GST

·         RBL Bank: Nil-Up to 3% of the principal outstanding+GST

·         Kotak Mahindra Bank: 5% of the principal outstanding +GST

·         Yes Bank: Nil- Up to 4% of the principal outstanding + GST

·         Standard Chartered Bank: 1%-5% of the principal outstanding+GST

·         SBI: Nil-Up to 3% of the principal outstanding+GST

·         Axis Bank: Zero

 

 It is great that you are willing to pre-pay and close your personal loan. Pre-pay penalty may not be applicable in all cases. You may like to read the agreement signed between you and the bank while taking personal loan. Also, you can talk to your bank about waiving off the pre payment penalty charges. If you have good and long standing relationship with the bank, they may agree to waive off. In any case, the other Pros I can think of are -

1.    You can feel yourself relieved of one of the financial burdens. Much needed and valuable.

2.    You can invest the EMI amount in good mutual funds which can generate handsome returns. This is assuming that you wish to save enough as though were paying EMI for personal loan.

 

 

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